10 As for you, son of man, describe to the house of Israel the temple, that they may be ashamed of their iniquities; let them measure its plan.
Rashi’s Commentary
You, son of man, describe etc., that they may be ashamed of their iniquities—When I show them my loving-kindness that I do not reject them for their iniquity.
Let them measure its plan—Let them take measurements through you, for you will show them the measurements of the building plan.
But what fruit were you getting at that time from the things of which you are now ashamed? For the end of those things is death. ROM 6:21
11 And if they are ashamed of all that they have done, make known to them the design of the temple, its arrangement, its exits and its entrances, that is, its whole design; and make known to them as well all its statutes and its whole design and all its laws, and write it down in their sight, so that they may observe all its laws and all its statutes and carry them out.
teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age. MAT 28:20
If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them. JOH 13:17
Now I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I delivered them to you. 1CO 11:2
They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things. For when Moses was about to erect the tent, he was instructed by God, saying, “See that you make everything according to the pattern that was shown you on the mountain.” HEB 8:5
Then you shall erect the tabernacle according to the plan for it that you were shown on the mountain. EXO 26:30
Rashi’s Commentary
Then you shall erect the tabernacle—After it is completed, erect it.
You were shown on the mountain—Prior to this, for I am destined to teach you and show you the order of its erection.
Our fathers had the tent of witness in the wilderness, just as he who spoke to Moses directed him to make it, according to the pattern that he had seen. ACT 7:44
You shall make it hollow, with boards. As it has been shown you on the mountain, so shall it be made. EXO 27:8
Rashi’s Commentary
Hollow, with boards—There should be boards of acacia wood from all sides with a space in the middle. But all of it shall not be made of one piece of wood that would measure five cubits by five cubits, like a sort of anvil i.e., like one solid block.
12 This is the law of the temple: the whole territory on the top of the mountain all around shall be most holy. Behold, this is the law of the temple.
But nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who does what is detestable or false, but only those who are written in the Lamb’s book of life. REV 21:27
15 and the altar hearth, four cubits; and from the altar hearth and above, four horns.
Rashi’s Commentary
And the altar hearth—The height of the top of the altar, from the circuit and above; and in the second temple it was only three cubits. Jonathan, too, renders: And the altar was four cubits.
16 The altar hearth shall be twelve cubits long by twelve broad, square to its four sides.
The altar hearth shall be twelve cubits long by twelve broad, square.
Rashi’s Commentary
The altar hearth shall be twelve cubits long—The entire place for the woodpile was twenty-four cubits by twenty-four cubits and this section was twelve by twelve.
To each of its four sides—i.e., he measured twelve cubits from its center to every side. Behold it was 24 cubits by 24 cubits. The altar of the second temple was 32 by 32 cubits. It extended upward a cubit and receded a cubit forming the base leaving it 30 by 30 cubits. It extended upward five cubits and receded a cubit this is the circuit leaving 28 by 28 cubits. The area for the horns was a cubit here and a cubit there, leaving 26 by 26 cubits. The area for the priests to walk was a cubit here and a cubit there, leaving 24 by 24 cubits the place for the woodpiles.
17 The ledge also shall be square, fourteen cubits long by fourteen broad, with a rim around it half a cubit broad, and its base one cubit all around. The ascent of the altar shall face east.
Rashi’s Commentary
The ledge . . . fourteen cubits long—The top of the altar, including the area for the horns and including the area for the feet of the priests, was 28 by 28 cubits, and the 14 mentioned here were measured from its center, as is explained by “square.”
With a rim around it—Our Sages explained it as referring to the horns.
Half a cubit—He measures from its center; hence it was a cubit by a cubit.
And its base one cubit—This is the recession of the base.
The ascents of the altar shall face east—The ramp upon which they ascended was in the south in order that the one who ascended it would face east, for all the priests’ turns were made toward the right, and when you place the ramp in the south, the one who ascends it and turns right faces east.
18 And he said to me, “Son of man, thus says the Lord God: These are the ordinances for the altar: On the day when it is erected for offering burnt offerings upon it and for throwing blood against it,
and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel. HEB 12:24
19 you shall give to the Levitical priests of the family of Zadok, who draw near to me to minister to me, declares the Lord God, a bull from the herd for a sin offering.
Rashi’s Commentary
The Levitical priests—i.e., who are of the tribe of Levi.
Of the family of Zadok—Since he was the high priest who was the first to serve in the temple, in the days of Solomon, they are all called by his name.
For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God. 2CO 5:21
He has no need, like those high priests, to offer sacrifices daily, first for his own sins and then for those of the people, since he did this once for all when he offered up himself. HEB 7:27
20 And you shall take some of its blood and put it on the four horns of the altar and on the four corners of the ledge and upon the rim all around. Thus you shall purify the altar and make atonement for it.
Rashi’s Commentary
On the four horns—i.e., the four horns of the altar.
Corners of the uppermost ledge—The top of the altar.
And make atonement for it—You shall “wipe” it of its ordinariness to initiate it into sanctity, so that it will befit for providing atonement from then on.
and shall take part of the blood of the bull and put it on the horns of the altar with your finger, and the rest of the blood you shall pour out at the base of the altar. EXO 29:12
Rashi’s Commentary
On the horns—On top, actually on the horns.
And the rest of the blood—I.e., the remaining blood.
At the base of the altar—A sort of protruding receptacle was made all around it the altar after it was elevated a cubit from the ground.
21 And in the same way he sprinkled with the blood both the tent and all the vessels used in worship.
22 Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.
23 Thus it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these rites, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. HEB 9:21-23
21 You shall also take the bull of the sin offering, and it shall be burned in the appointed place belonging to the temple, outside the sacred area.
11 For the bodies of those animals whose blood is brought into the holy places by the high priest as a sacrifice for sin are burned outside the camp.
12 So Jesus also suffered outside the gate in order to sanctify the people through his own blood. HEB 13:11-12
22 And on the second day you shall offer a male goat without blemish for a sin offering; and the altar shall be purified, as it was purified with the bull.
Rashi’s Commentary
You shall offer a male goat—This was not done in the tabernacle of Moses’ time, but the investiture of the future will be done so by divine ordinance.
but with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish or spot. 1PE 1:19
23 When you have finished purifying it, you shall offer a bull from the herd without blemish and a ram from the flock without blemish.
Rashi’s Commentary
Purifying it—Heb.:מֵחַטֵא, from purifying.
24 You shall present them before the Lord, and the priests shall sprinkle salt on them and offer them up as a burnt offering to the Lord.
You are the salt of the earth, but if salt has lost its taste, how shall its saltiness be restored? It is no longer good for anything except to be thrown out and trampled under people’s feet. MAT 5:13
49 For everyone will be salted with fire.
50 Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another. MAR 9:49-50
Let your speech always be gracious, seasoned with salt, so that you may know how you ought to answer each person. COL 4:6
25 For seven days you shall provide daily a male goat for a sin offering; also, a bull from the herd and a ram from the flock, without blemish, shall be provided.
Rashi’s Commentary
Without blemish, shall be provided—(The burnt offering).
27 And when they have completed these days, then from the eighth day onward the priests shall offer on the altar your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, and I will accept you, declares the Lord God.
Rashi’s Commentary
And I will accept you—Heb.: וְרָצִאתִי, from רָצוֹן will.
I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship. ROM 12:1
to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles in the priestly service of the gospel of God, so that the offering of the Gentiles may be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit. ROM 15:16
to the praise of his glorious grace, with which he has blessed us in the Beloved. EPH 1:6
Even if I am to be poured out as a drink offering upon the sacrificial offering of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all. PHP 2:17
20 and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross.
21 And you, who once were alienated and hostile in mind, doing evil deeds, COL 1:20-21
Through him then let us continually offer up a sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name. HEB 13:15
you yourselves like living stones are being built up as a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. 1PE 2:5